Margin Trading Made Simple!

Margin Trading Made Simple!

What is Margin Trading?

Margin trading is a type of investing strategy that allows you to buy more securities than you can afford with your own cash. You do this by borrowing money from your broker and using the securities you buy as collateral. This way, you can leverage your purchasing power and potentially increase your returns. However, margin trading also comes with significant risks and costs that you should be aware of.

Where do I start?

To start margin trading, you need to open a margin account with your broker and deposit a minimum amount of cash or securities, which is called the initial margin. The initial margin requirement varies depending on the broker and the type of securities you want to buy, but it is usually 50% of the purchase price. This means that if you want to buy $10,000 worth of securities, you need to have at least $5,000 in your margin account.

Once you have a margin account, you can borrow up to 50% of the purchase price of the securities from your broker. This is called the margin loan, and it is secured by the securities you buy. You will have to pay interest on the margin loan, which is usually higher than the average interest rate. The interest rate may also vary depending on the market conditions and your broker’s policies.

The securities you buy on margin are subject to the maintenance margin requirement, which is the minimum percentage of equity you must have in your margin account at all times. The maintenance margin requirement is usually 25%, but it can be higher depending on the broker and the type of securities. This means that if the value of your securities drops below a certain level, you will receive a margin call from your broker, asking you to deposit more cash or securities to restore your equity.

If you fail to meet the margin call, your broker may sell some or all of your securities without your consent to cover the margin loan. This is called a forced liquidation, and it can result in significant losses for you.

What are the benefits and drawbacks of margin trading?

Benefits:

The benefits of margin trading are that you can amplify your returns by investing more than you have, and you can take advantage of market opportunities that may otherwise be out of your reach. For example, if you buy $10,000 worth of securities on margin with $5,000 of your own cash and $5,000 borrowed from your broker, and the securities increase in value by 10%, you can sell them for $11,000 and make a profit of $1,000. This is a 20% return on your initial investment, compared to a 10% return if you had bought the securities with your own cash only.

Drawbacks:

The drawbacks of margin trading are that you can also amplify your losses by investing more than you have, and you can incur high interest and fees that may reduce your net returns. For example, if you buy $10,000 worth of securities on margin with $5,000 of your own cash and $5,000 borrowed from your broker, and the securities decrease in value by 10%, you can sell them for $9,000 and incur a loss of $1,000. This is a 20% loss on your initial investment, compared to a 10% loss if you had bought the securities with your own cash only.

Moreover, you will have to pay interest on the margin loan, which may be higher than the dividends or capital gains you earn from the securities. You will also have to pay commissions and fees to your broker for opening and maintaining your margin account.

Margin Trading on the NSE:

Business Daily reports that the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) is developing margin trading regulations as part of interventions to revitalise shares trading on the Nairobi Securities Exchange, in addition to suspending day trading fees to stimulate trading in the bourse. This comes at a time when the Nairobi Securities Exchange was reported to be the Africa’s worst performing equities market since January 2022.

Final thoughts on margin trading:

Margin trading is a risky and complex strategy that requires careful planning and monitoring. You should only margin trade if you have a high-risk tolerance, a clear investment objective, and a sound exit strategy. You should also be aware of the margin requirements and rules of your broker and the regulatory authorities and be prepared to meet margin calls or face forced liquidations. Margin trading is not suitable for beginners or long-term investors who want to buy and hold securities.